Secrets of Evloution | Muhammadnozim Joramirzayev | TEDxNamanganPS
URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DK_TuxQmC88 Video ID: DK_TuxQmC88 ============================================================ [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] Ladies and gentlemen, at 2025, the pinnacle of education. Today we will be discussing the secret of evolution and diving deep into ways it works and operates. First of all to make it easier to understand the concept of of evolution itself we going to be dividing it into four segments for smaller segments. First one being natural selection. Natural selection. The key idea is that nature selects the best physical traits of the best physical traits that feed the animal of the species. the most. So, in the nature of selection, it's like a it's like a survival game and it's free is like a a direct definition for the phrase that said like only the strong ones survive. So, natural selection is completely that kind of harsh of the true reality of this world. It survival game. For example, you have the example of scales. Uh, imagine a group of scales. Some of them are fast and some of them are fairly slow than the others. When a predator attacked, the slow ones are going to be behind the faster ones and going to get eaten. So only the faster ones are going to survive that attack and those faster ones are actually leaving their offspring and the next generation of Jesus are actually being faster than the previous generation that existed. So they fitting their environment better. We have a second segment for evolution and the second one is mutation. in nutrition also known as I call it that it's like uh hope for the best random DNA lottery because well in nutrition random change in DNA happens and you cannot really say what will happen you cannot like predict what's going to happen so it could be bad most of the times it's very bad and few few lucky mutations actually help your survival actually help your you fit your environment standard. For example, we have an example of mice. Um there were population of pre mice living on the black rocks. However, uh mutation happened and mutation happened and a child red with a black fur was born and that mice and that mouse actually fits the environment better. randomly randomly born and actually fit the environment better. So it has a better physical trade than the other mouse that lived before it than its parents. And now the new generation of mice are going to be black because the green mouse are actually the perfect ones to survive. A mutation is actually a very interesting topic. So I just want to give out another example and that being the blue eyes. Once upon a time six to 10,000 years ago to be more precise as a single man a single man in Europe the bird is blue eyes blue eyes and that happened to be the starting of the blueeyed pupil. Well, actually it was a random change in DNA that didn't affect his or that people's um physical traits or survival in a bad way because that was just a color change in color. So it didn't affect it in a bad way. So it's just staying there with us and it could actually have helped those person those people in Europe in a very good way because like imagine the blue eyes have less melanin amount in them. So it's actually very good to absorb the sun rays because it's actually better than the brown eyes at that point at that uh specific task. It's better. And of course, the reason those blue-eyed people like scattered across Europe is because people actually found those guys with blue eyes kind of rare and attractive. That's the reason. And we have this segment that we are going to discuss and that is going to be adaptation. Adaptation is like nature's upgrade system. Adaptation happens over many many generations. It's going to happen over millions of years. Maybe it is a very long process and it shapes a species or an animal to fit envir to fit it environment better. Um yeah so I could give you polar beers as examples. So one thousands of years ago polar beers were actually brown. Did you believe that? Do you believe that they were brown but however they weren't camouflaging good in the snowy areas and fight environment. They weren't camouflaging very good. They couldn't like sneak up on their prey because imagine sweet face long bear coming at you brown everything I mean yeah they couldn't sneak up they couldn't do nothing they couldn't come alive so they were bad they couldn't fit their environments however they adapted to the snow environments to the van environment and therefore actually became vital over many generations and those white polar beers survived and those Brown be brown polar bears are now like a long forgotten. Yes. So for evolution our final segment is going to be the genetic drift or the lack of control. So in genetic drift in genetic drift sometimes evolution evolution happens just by pure luck. Let's not the next specy was going to be like um remaining um because it was lucky. For example, there was a pond. For example, there was a pond and had frogs of all colors. For example, imagine that it had frogs of all colors and suddenly a fly happened. It's a random flood and it happened and uh and only the swinging ones almost all the swinging frogs were green frogs. Not because they had better physical traits. They had the same physical stats as the other frogs. They didn't have anything else. They were just lucky. So when the flood happens, those three frogs survives by their luck. And the next generation, next species of the frogs are going to be free because they're lucky. That is the last of evolution. So now that we have understood the concept of evolution at least in the at least generally now we can have some interesting and using examples for evolution happening. First one being leaf insects. So imagine over millions and millions of evolution over many many generations these insects these insects could have developed anything could have developed saber tools rather blades or anything else and but they didn't shoot that they want to look like a leaf look like a literal leaf so that's how evolution works um this example is going to help us understand what evolution about later on. Now it's for different. Now I have another very very cool example that being slave making ants. So slave making ants have have some stuff some traits that make them like different from the other ants and those are just like based on their complex. I just think need to call other ants because they have the chemicals to go through to manipulate the other ants. For example, they have the colony say making and colony and they like they're raiding the other colony. The queen is going to go and take on the other enemy queen. It takes it out. takes it out and then it releases chemicals that makes the ants of the host of the r the colony that's been raided think that it is their own queen is going to raise those kind of chemical they didn't like think of that they just evolved to do that and so they have like slavery and they've been colonies they take their they take the eggs of the colony that's been made it and get it carried to their own colony. When they hatch, they're going to be thinking like this is our own colony. So, they're going to be like free workers, free slaves for this acts. Yeah, you can see in the image, they're just walking for that freely because they do not know. They be manipulated. They manipulate them. And the second example of insects being manipulated and insects manipulating each other is fungus. Mommy and fungus have a mind controlling ability. Yeah. Cooling ability. So they get inside a host host ant and make it go specific distance above the ground a specific distance above the ground where it is best for the best for them. The humidity level the temperature level is best for them. So when the ant reaches that that distance above the ground it's just going to stop. It's been manipulated and it's just stop and that fungus can just stay there. It releases chemicals and just feeds from inside of that and to to release it to release sprouts to release like its offspring and the cycle will be done ever again. Yeah. Over again the cycle will be done over again. So other uh zombie and funguses will be born doing the same same processes their parents did. It's just ongoing u ongoing cycles that they have. So all those stuff from the varing behaviors, their evolution affected not only the physical traits of those insects and those fungus but also their like traits how they behave and how they fight against each other. So literally what the nation did is create some kind of insect. They did something and create another kind of insect that contracted each other. They counted each other and gave them abilities that could manipulate and counter others abilities. So that's just what nature is doing. It's not all about just physical qualities as nature. It's about conflicts between species too. So well is does evolution have has a certain destination or an aimless place where it is a lake where it is getting us towards where it aims to get us towards doesn't have a sense of destination and that answer could be and that same could be answered with some examples and some stuff um for positive fact that it really has a a perfect destination a destination and a destination that is brings us towards that random process. We have some stuff here. For example, human race have grown larger and more complex time making humans actually smarter than they were when they were first born. I mean we we are being we getting smarter as generations passing. That's not that's not the lie. We're getting smarter and we have natural selection and adaptation which are just making species and animals more perfect than they were before fitting their environment better. And also the last one being in the single cell. We went from single cell organisms that just crawled on the top of the earth as a crush to w that now capture the space to w that now learn the flesh celestial objects. We have that so far. So that would be less possible ideas of effort as two contra being that humans still have an appendix and wisdom teeth. So we don't need it. We don't need it. For example, I don't have an appendex. They took it away for me. I'm still leaving the function file. We don't need it. But if evolution was perfect then why didn't just remove the appendix and the wise and we now have we don't need it. And the second and second one the thing is genetic pro is essentially a random process it's random like it doesn't aim for anything and of course two doesn't aim for anything and that's one we can say that extinction of 99% of all the species that ever existed. So now we only living with one of the species that ever existed on the surface of the world ever lived. So if evolution is perfect, it's not just that it won't like take care and it won't prevent all those failure from happening. So at the conclusion with all these contra arguments being stronger than the arguments, I can say that the evolution is not actually perfection, not literal perfection at least. Yeah, of course it evolution makes species perfect and aware for their environment to fit the environment for their survival. So is doing that for their survival. For example, we have sharks. Sharks they haven't been evolving for like they're not evolving at all almost they're not doing anything special. They are just there almost the same as how they've been. And that is because they are almost perfect for their environment for them to hunt for them to almost perfect for their environment. Not the perfect species, not just literally. And now at the end of my speech, I just wanted to talk about the future of evolution, where it is going, where it is leading us to. Well, when talk about it, it is a really amusing and interesting topic. the future of evolution which could be revolutionary. Some futurists feel to believe that evolution could go just could just go beyond biology the miss of the biology and the process turning humans into mechanical beings. Yeah. Digital beings turning us into digital beings fusing us with AI. So they're only creating mechanical arms, mechanic max. And now if they manage to somehow learn how brain operates perfectly, they will be able to do that. Ming us with AI in the process. That is very interesting, very amusing feature, but also very terrifying at the same time. Thank you for attention. This is my