Radiology in 2040 | Dr. Meinal Chaudhry | TEDxNaduvilal Junction
URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkC2eRy86xE Video ID: qkC2eRy86xE ============================================================ how will you feel if I tell you that I can read your mind and print your exact thoughts on paper how will you feel if I tell you that that high performing Sports person is right now going undergoing therapy for cancer and is still at his Peak Performance amazed welcome to Radiology in 2040 Radiology is that branch of medicine which deals with Imaging Technologies for example radiation in X-ray and CT sound in ultrasound and heavyduty magnets in MRI how many of you present here have ever got a CT or MRI done for your yourselves or maybe your loved ones in the current scenario if you want to get a CD scan a contrast enhanced CT scan done then first you have to take an appointment with the hospital then wait for 4 to 6 hours with fasting and then reach the hospital then wait for your scan get your scan done and then again wait for your report for 4 to 6 hours or sometimes even a couple of days depending on setup and then your treatment will start now imagine you get your test done you are walking out of the investigation room and zoom your images come to your phone your radiologist phone and your treating doctor's phone then out of thin air a prescription which is Tailor Made For You comes to your doctor's phone and he checks it validates it and zoom it will land to your phone you're still walking out of that investigation room then if you agree to take those medicines which your doctor prescribed the medicines will be automatically delivered to you and since you have prescription in your phone your phone will remind you to take those medicines at the desired time and then with the help of a small skin patch like a biomarker patch your phone will be able to monitor the levels of your medicine whether you have taken it or not and will keep reminding you to take that medicine how's that and imagine all of this happening right in front of your doorstep amazed welcome to Radiology in 2040 so these port with like with every technology Radiology has also been benefited by shrinking size and weight of Hardware the X-ray machine you you saw in the first slide now that big x-ray machine is shrinking down to the size of these SLR cameras or maybe they it'll get even smaller the huge MRI magnet which engulfs a human being inside when it takes the images is shrinking down to the size of a frontloading washing machine with the highspeed internet the images can be acquired at one part of the globe and a in a split second can go to the other part of the globe and the rep report can come back in 1 second and the treatment can be started these portable Diagnostics along with artificial intelligence and T Radiology will change the way Healthcare will be delivered across the world in coming times to understand the implication I will tell you a real life example which I went through a few years back it was in uh I think July 2019 when a group of professional trekers in my known Circle went for trekking to the Himalayas suddenly there was this bad weather heavy snowfall thunderstorm and a few of them incurred serious injuries fortunately for them first aid and medical facilities were available there but due to the lack of highend Diagnostics they couldn't find out what really was going on with them so four out of them were airlifted to Delhi unfortunately on the way two two of them succumbed and two reached us they were in a really critical situation and finally none of them could make it this got me thinking that why can't we have have highend Diagnostics in such risky terrains at the point of care and the answer lies in the fact that you know putting up a machine investing some amount is still feasible but how will aspirational doctors like me or a skilled technician would settle in Himalayas there are no growth opportunities there and to acquire complex Diagnostics you really need skillful persons behind it so now in the coming times with the help of these portable Diagnostics and artificial intelligence the acquisition of image would be like switching off or on a fan and we will be able to uh acquire highend diagnostics at such risky terrains I mean if you ask me I would't mind taking a 10day posting there in that van have a Gala time myself so that is how Radiology will impact the delivery of health care across the G Globe images taken at Himalayas reported at theur gone back to Himalayas and medical treatment given so in the last two decades with the demand of very you know high quality images we have gone from taking these black and white grayscale images to images which look like this we've gone from showing the baby to the parents like this to showing them like this we are very very very close to reality as far as Imaging is concerned but now what I'm going to tell you is something which will blow your mind from understanding the the structure you know a lot of work right now is going on to understand the functional Imaging the function of the organ at a molecular level one such technique is called as functional Imaging of brain and this technique is called bold Imaging bold is the acronym of blood oxygen level dependent Imaging bold Imaging so you know what happens in a normal person in routine activities the person uses only 5% of the brain capacity and these centers are called as active centers of the brain okay so whenever these active centers get activated what happens the oxygen consumption in the in these centers increases okay so in the image what I'm showing you is the scan of the brain and the lit up area what you can see is the area which L lights up when a person does finger tapping how to use it currently we are using it how are we using it let me explain so in a patient if the patient has a lesion in the brain for example in this case the patient has brain tumor the white area you see in the center of the image is the is where the patient has brain tumor now the patient of course needs a surgery for this brain tumor so what we do is we make the patient do a certain activities like in this case if you see the area which is lit up ages into the tumor is the brain which is utilized in walking so whenever we want to do a brain surgery of a patient we map out all the active areas of the brain so that even after s even after the surgery the patient has no weakness not only activities motor activities this functional MRI can tell us the active areas of the brain which are involved in language Vision sensation perceptions Behavior logical thinking emotions wow this is a very very very powerful technology and now a lot of big companies are are using this technology outside of Medical Imaging it is called as neuromarketing so what happens is whenever these big companies they make an ad a promotional material they test it on functional MRI and see what are the areas of the brain this ad is evoking is it like lighting up the areas which are responsible for happiness for desire so then boom their product will be sold so even so earlier they used to test it in other conditions but now neuromarketing or with functional MRI it has made very easy for this these companies to test their ads before they come into the market and in the coming years what scientists are doing along with artificial intelligence they are reverse engineering it for example right now we are seeing the mental areas which are mapped out with a certain activity what they are doing is to you know reverse engineering it and decode it back so if I do a functional MRI of myself and somebody's looking at my functional MRI they can read my mind and print my exact thoughts on paper amazing is it it so now you have to be really really aware of what you're thinking because I might just can read it and tell you and print it on paper okay so now let's imagine a scenario where you have taken your friend to the doctor and the doctor says my dear your friend is suffering from well differentiated biophysics andil cell carcinoma involving tus and navicular bones of the the foot and needs immediate surgery how many of you understood the understood the disease I'm I'm sure many of you like and you ask doctor can you show us the disease and the doctor says okay sure look at the MRI see how clear it is see there is the cancer how many of you now understood the disease I'm sure many of you are still like and now imagine your doctor comes in the room and shows you this he says this is the foot of your patient and this thing you see here is the tumor which the patient has by the way this is the same patient's foot and tumor and he shows you this and keeps it on the table now how many of you can understand it this technology my dear friends is called 3D printing technology and it is right now used for printing such 3D prints of the patients anatomy and disease we print them and just place it on the table for patient and their kins to understand the disease and not just patients sometimes even doctors you know they want to see the relationship of the tumors with major blood vessels nerves they can preempt the complications which can happen even before going inside the operation theater and sometimes they also do a dummy surgeries on this 3D print so that when they are doing a real life surgery blood loss is less they know what what is going to happen so this is the importance of 3D printing technology as of now but in the next two decades what will happen so research is on where we can print human organs with the help of 3D printing technology as of now I'm sure you know that if there is a patient of kidney failure the patient keeps waiting waiting and sometimes you know just dies waiting for a donor to give a kidney to them there are huge waiting lists for kidney donations but in the coming years with the help of my kidney I can print the kidney in lab put on patient stem cell on it and grow a human kidney in lab and just put it in a kidney failure patient so no more cues for kidney transplantation that's the magic of 3D printing technology amazed okay now I'll ask you a question how many of you know this lady yes she's a very famous Bollywood actor isn't she beautiful and she is a Survivor because a few years back she was diagnosed with cancer and she was undergoing chemotherapy for cancer when she looked like this this is one of the many side effects of cancer treating chemotherapeutic drugs besides baldness it can cause tiredness fatigue anemia infection nausea loss of appetite feeling of sickness bleeding bruising and many other uh side effects but let's first understand why these cancer treating chemo therapeutic drugs cause these side effects so you know these chemotherapeutic drugs are tuned to kill fast growing cells so in a patient with cancer they will have cancer cells in their body and will also have normal cells so normal cells like hair follicle nail bed blood cells cells of intestinal mucosa these are fast growing cells okay now when a chemotherapeutic agent or a chemotherapy medicine is introduced in the body it has to kill all fast growing cells so it kills the cancer cell as well as normal cells and hence we have a battery of side effects which happen to the patient but I promised you initially that there'll be a high performing sportsperson who will be on chemotherapy and will still be on his Peak Performance how is that possible that is possible with a upcoming technique called theranostics theranostics is a combination of therapy plus Diagnostics in this what happens is there is a therapeutic biomarker which is piggybacking on a diagnostic biomarker so therapeutic biomarker means something which will kill cancer cancer cells it is picky packing on a diagnostic biomarker means that's something which will detect cancer cell so now in the body what happens is there is cancer cell and there are normal cells now on the wall of cancer cell there is a wall protein which is only present on the wall of cancer cells and is not present on the wall of normal cells so once this pronostic particle goes inside the body what will happen it will attach itself on the wall of cancer cell and causing death of the cancer cell while the normal spell cell is happy and smiling isn't it amazing okay now another question for all of you how did you feel and what did you feel about Radiology in 2040 don't answer me because I can read your mind and print your thoughts on paper so let's do that okay Zoom oh my God you thought that is amazing and excellent with that I end my talk thank you very much for being an amazing audience thank you